Perpetual usufruct: an obstacle race
Most investors in Poland regard perpetual usufruct as equivalent, in practical terms, to freehold. There are many obvious similarities, but the special features of perpetual usufruct can make it an obstacle race for the unwary.
In every transaction, thorough due diligence is fundamental
A discussion with Paweł Ciećwierz, a partner at Wardyński & Partners who heads the firm’s Mergers & Acquisitions practice, about M&A in Poland.
Dual listing on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Dual listing refers to trading of a company’s shares on two (or more) stock exchanges at the same time.
Global risks, local remedies: Cross-border M&A issues in the New Europe
The authors report from the IBA European Regional Forum conference in Warsaw on a discussion among lawyers from throughout Central & Eastern Europe on the best ways to minimise common risks encountered in international transactional practice.
An overview of commercial activity in Poland
The Polish system of law recognises the freedom of commerce. The main act governing this area of law is the Act on Freedom of Economic Activity. The act sets down the rules applicable to the activity of business entities.
Acquisition of real estate by foreigners: Permits are still an issue
The limitations on acquisition of land by foreigners fell dramatically when Poland joined the EU, but acquisition of agricultural land still requires a permit and causes many practical problems.
Who is liable for overstating the value of an in-kind contribution?
The requirement that the share capital of a limited-liability company be fully covered prior to registration of the company is tied to liability in the event that an in-kind contribution is made to the company at an inflated value.
VAT on the sale of developed land
The manner in which a structure on land is defined determines the tax consequences of sale of the land.
What's up with the reform of limited-liability companies?
On 22 February 2013, the lower house of the Polish Parliament voted to reject a bill that would reduce the minimum statutory share capital in limited-liability companies. But changes are still necessary.
Innovation first
It is not always possible to develop an innovation from scratch. But fortunately, good new ideas can also be bought.
Status of bill to amend the Act on Competition and Consumer Protection
Comment and consultation on the proposal are drawing to a close.
Fairness opinions in Poland
External, independent opinions on the fairness of the financial conditions of M&A transactions are gaining popularity in Polish practice.
